Ethical dilemmas Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Gillison et al. (2012) assert that the main reason for vaccination is the benefit that it has to the entire population. In this regard, immunization of children offers no apparent benefit to the children themselves but to the greater society. Although the federal guidelines do not necessitate approval before immunization, the "National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986" necessitates that health care practitioners issue the vaccine recipients or their parents and guardians with a vaccine information statement that offers information on the risks and benefits and other information that may be used to assist in making informed decision (Patel, 2009). Lawmakers and patient rights advocates hold that an assent is ethical and suitable so that parents are knowledgeable about vaccines, and have passable time ask questions (Patel, 2009). Ohri (2007) denotes that HPV mandatory vaccination violates the rights of the parents in rearing their young ones, particularly on the sexual conduct of the young ones. Some parents have argued that vaccinating the children for a sexually infectious disease at such a tender age gives the children an implied consent to take part in risky sexual behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical dilemmas or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Nonetheless, there has not been any evidence put forth to support this argument. Moreover, this vaccination has portrayed that adolescents are rather unaware of HPV and that the fear to contract any STI has petite effect on their choice to engage in sex or not (Patel, 2009). Further refutation of violation of the parent’s autonomy centers on a cost-benefit ethical review. The primary question here is how much parental control is lost because of the obligatory vaccination. According to Ohri (2007), this seems to be a small price that the parents have to pay for averting a dreadful infection that causes deaths of women and distress among millions of women with precancerous wounds from multiple procedures. The advantage of the HPV vaccine comes under the ethic of employing conventional medical technology to avoid severe infections whenever possible, in order to reduce suffering and pain. Notably, vaccines have been believed to excellently avert severe infections from among people, and unlike cervical cancer, some of these diseases have effective treatments but yet vaccination is believed to be essential. Vamos et al. (2008) acknowledge that the significance of vaccines that avert cancer infections ought to be comparatively obvious, and, therefore, the HPV vaccination is the primary public health landmark.

Perfect Competition Essay example - 1950 Words

Perfect Competition Perfect competition is an idealised market structure theory used in economics to show the market under a high degree of competition given certain conditions. This essay aims to outline the assumptions and distinctive features that form the perfectly competitive model and how this model can be used to explain short term and long term behaviour of a perfectly competitive firm aiming to maximise profits and the implications of enhancing these profits further. In a perfectly competitive market each firm is a â€Å"Price Taker† , i.e. the prices and wages are determined by the market and the firm is so small relative to the size of the market that they can have no influence over the market price. For a market to be†¦show more content†¦This is also linked into the behaviour of the buyers in the market. Buyers are also price takers because they can purchase as much as they wish without influencing the market price. The final assumption is important when considering the long term equilibrium price of a firm in perfect competition. This assumption is that entry into the market is free and that there are no barriers to entry. Any costs incurred are incurred by all of the suppliers; an entrant will pay no additional cost for entering the firm. In the short run the perfect competition equilibrium can be found by graphing the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC) and marginal revenue (MR) curves. In perfect competition the price is equal to the average revenue, which is equal to the marginal revenue and these are all constant, giving an infinitely elastic demand curve for the firm. The demand curve is â€Å"perfectly price elastic† due to the homogeneity of the products supplied, where each supplier, as a price taker, must focus on a single price. Given this, the only choice a supplier has in the short run is how much to produce. For profit maximisation to occur marginal costs (supply curve) must equal marginal revenue (demand curve). Profit maximisation is assumed to mean the maximisation of normal economic profit (i.e. revenue that covers theShow MoreRelatedPerfect Competition2278 Words   |  10 PagesPure Competition ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 21-1 Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case justify your classification. Pure competition:Read MorePerfect Competition and Monopoly1722 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 3 Perfect Competition and Monopoly (a) I. Explain perfect competition and monopoly market structures, and identify the key factors that distinguish them. Perfect Competition Market In economic theory, the perfect competition is a market form in which no producer or consumer has the power to influence prices in the market. According to the website wordIQ.com, in order to classify the market is a perfect competition market, the market must match below criteria: 1. ThereRead MoreCompetition : Perfect Competition Is An Economic Concept Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages Question 7 Perfect competition: Perfect competition is an economic concept, there are lots of seller’s sells homogeneous products in the market and there are many buyers. There are no barriers to enter into the market. Furthermore both the buyers and sellers have good information regarding price so that sellers can offer a competitive price to the buyers and also buyers can compare the price to have the best choice. Monopolistic competition: Monopolistic competition is market structure in whichRead MoreMonopoly, Perfect Competition, Imperfect Competition5614 Words   |  23 Pagestheory of perfect competition 3 Section 2: The theory of monopoly 9 Section 3: The theory of monopolistic competition and oligopoly 13 Section 4: Resource allocation/externalities 19 Section 5: Suggested solutions 23 INTRODUCTION There are basically two types of market situation: (a) Perfect competition – in this market, firms have no influence; they are price takers. (b) Imperfect competition – this market includes monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition; firms areRead MorePerfect Competition1463 Words   |  6 PagesPerfect Competition In  economic theory,  perfect competition  describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the  market power  to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive markets. Still, buyers and sellers in some  auction-type markets, say for  commodities  or some financial assets, may approximate the concept. Perfect competition serves as a benchmark against which to measureRead MoreThe Market For Textbooks Is Characterized By Perfect Competition2279 Words   |  10 Pagesmarket for textbooks is characterized by perfect competition. In economic theory, perfect competition in the market applies where none of the participants has the market power of setting a price of a homogeneous (identical) product. Basically, a perfectly competitive market exists when every participant is a â€Å"price taker† and cannot influence the price of the product it buys or sells. There are certain characteristics which describe the perfect competition, however the conditions are strict and someRead MoreWhy perfect competition is the best market structure2301 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Why perfect competition Executive Summary This report provides information related to the four main market structures and why perfect competition is the most efficient. Features of four market structures and comparison of monopoly and perfect competition. Perfect completion is most efficient Subject matter Details Conclusions Introduction Market structure is best defined as the organizational and other characteristicsRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Perfect Competition1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthese important questions that will help the mayor understand the structures of many of the businesses in his city: Describe each market structure discussed in the course (perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly) and discuss two of the market characteristics of each market structure. Perfect competition describes a marketplace that no one participant can set the market price of an exchangeable product. This is generally considered an ideal, rarely found in markets todayRead MoreWhat Is Perfect Competition Promotes Market Efficiencies1670 Words   |  7 PagesMarkets are typically divided into four sectors; perfect competition, pure monopolies, monopolistic competition and oligopolies. There are two factors that influence which sector an industry fits into, one being the number of competing firms and the other being barriers to entry. Commensurate with these are different pricing options and strategies undertaken by various firms to reach optimal profit maximization. Altogether, each market contains specific intricacies which effect supply and demandRead MorePerfect Competition vs Monopoly1378 Words   |  6 PagesMS (perfect competition) Vs Thames Water (monopoly) At one end is perfect competition where there are very many firms competing against each other. Every firm is so tiny in relation to the entire trade that has no power to manipulate price. It is a ‘price taker’. At the other end is monopoly, where there is just a single firm in the industry, and for this reason no competition from inside the industry. Perfect competition e.g. Marks Spencer, they have many competitors such as, Asda, Next

Strategic and Operational Plans Based on the SWOT Analysis free essay sample

General Electric (GE), is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in Schenectady, New York and headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States. The company operates through five segments: Energy, Technology Infrastructure, Capital Finance and Consumer Industrial. In 2011, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the 26th-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue as well as the 14th most profitable. However, the company is currently listed the 3rd-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include No. 7 company for leaders (Fortune), No. 5 best global brand (Interbrand), No. 63 green company (Newsweek), No. 15 most admired company (Fortune), and No. 19 most innovative company (Fast Company).( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric) Based on the GE SWOT analysis will create and Strategic and Operational goals. Strengths Weaknesses Diversified product portfolio and revenue stream provides cross selling opportunities High indebtedness exposes to credit risk Successful inorganic growth strategy Dependence on third parties for raw materials Robust research and development capabilities Opportunities Threats Increased focus on energy sector http://www.ge.com/globalimpact/ecomagination.html?utm_source=gecomutm_medium=hp_seeutm_campaign=gecom_hp#!report=alternative fuelvehicles Challenging macroeconomic and political environment in the US and Europe New contracts to enhance top line growth Environmental and other government regulations Expansion of mining business Aggressive competition Strategic goals: Increased focus on energy sector In 2005 GE launched its Ecomagination initiative in an attempt to position itself as a green company. GE is one of the biggest players in the wind power industry and plans to build the largest solar-panel-making factory in the U.S., and has set goals for its subsidiaries to lower their greenhouse gas emissions. (General Electric, May 9, 2005) Recently, GE Capital’s Transportation Finance business and Clean Energy Fuels Corp., the largest provider of natural gas fuel for transportation in North America, have entered into a strategic alliance to accelerate the conversion of heavy-duty trucking fleets from diesel to cleaner-burning, less-expensive natural gas. To take advantage of this opportunity, truck fleet operators will first work with Clean Energy to develop natural gas fueling contracts, and will then apply for loans and leases, including fair market value leases, from GE Capital to acquire trucks from manufacturers that produce commercial natural gas vehicles (NGVs). Clean Energy will then help offset the monthly cost of newly-acquired NGVs to make it consistent with the cost of a diesel truck, if the customer makes a fuel commitment. (http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ge-capital-clean-energy-form-140100121.html) External and internal stakeholders will be influencing our strategic goal in difference way. Customers will appreciate lowing cost of fueling and the competition will be affecting as well. Increase Shareholders profit, which at the end is the primary goal of a corporate enterprise from the viewpoint of its shareholders is to maximize profits and enhance shareholder value. Operational plan: Reduces dependence on third parties for raw materials The company is reliant on third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and service providers and commodity markets to secure its raw materials, parts, components and sub-systems used in its products. This reliance exposes GE to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials, parts, components, systems and services. A disruption in deliveries from the company’s third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers or service providers, capacity constraints, production disruptions, price increases, or decreased availability of raw materials or commodities, could have an adverse impact on GE’s ability to meet its commitments to customers or increase its operating costs. http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/General_Motors_(GM)/Raw_Materials_Services_Supplies Due to the extent of external factors and stakeholders, GE best way to confront this challenge is utilizing their own experience and for the most part predicts the exchange of suppliers. This could be achieving by the acquisition and trade of raw materials, suppliers and commodities. An example of this, GE Supply and Advanced trade of Materials was sold to SABIC, a Saudi government owned company, to offset the losses resulting from the price inflation of raw materials, natural gas, and benzene. (http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/General_Electric_Company_(GE)) References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric General Electric, May 9, 2005. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ge-capital-clean-energy-form-140100121.html http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/General_Motors_(GM)/Raw_Materials_Services_Supplies http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/General_Electric_Company_(GE)

Sociogram Family and Mutual Attraction free essay sample

On August 13, 2009, I became a mother. I was excited because I believed that my son would live, hours later that excitement turned to despair and unimaginable pain. My perceptual social atom sociogram deals with my feelings about the death of my son Alex. After the death of my son I had a hard time coping with feelings and those who were around me in regards to support or non support. There are three males on my sociogram, my son (Alex), my father (Anthony), and my sons father (Vance). I will always have a mutual attraction for my son Alex, he was my first born, and he died while I was giving birth to him. It feels as though there is an empty void in my life because he is not here. At times I still wake up expecting to here his cry; he ranks number one in my life always. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociogram: Family and Mutual Attraction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My sons father Vance is ranked ata 2 in my life due to the fact that while I was in labor he left. According to the notational system we have an rejection indifference. I feel that when he left the hospital he rejected me and our son and right now I am indifferent to his feelings and what he wants from our relationship; he should be caring about me, if he does great and if he doesnt that is okay also. The third male on my sociogram is my dad. My father and I have a attraction rejection relationship; this is because he Just doesnt understand why I cant let my sons father go. He feels that I should make a complete break in regards Vance and I relationship. Because of this our relationship right now is a little strained, we speak without speaking. I know that he loves me but he has told me that I need to break things off with Vance in order to move on with my life. I understand where he is coming from but I am afraid to make that final step. The four of the five women on my sociogram are very important in my life. My mother is ranked as number one. My mother and I have the same relationship right now as my father and l. The only difference between my parents is that my dad will say how he feels once and will leave it alone where as my mother will always voice her opinion. She doesnt feel that my childs father is good enough for me and therefore why should I even be bothered. My sister, Arin and my aunt Shea are ranked number twos and I know they will always be in my corner. When looking at the notational system they both have attraction indifference relationships with me; they love me but they also dont feel that Vance is good for me. The only difference between them and my arents is that they understand that I am grown and that I will make my own decisions. The fourth woman on my sociogram is my best cousin and friend Ananda. She has supported me wholeheartedly through my whole pregnancy and through the death of my son. Whatever decision that I have made, she has always said that she supports me one hundred percent. Therefore according to the notational system, our relationship is mutual attraction. The last person on my sociogram is my cousin Ashlee. Ashlee and I use to have a good relationship. Before I became pregnanat she would hang out with Vance and a friend of his. I believe that there relationship came toa point where they could talk to each other about anything. To make a long story short, Ashlee said that Vance approached her in regards to sex; Vance said that he didnt. That point is that I would have believed Ashlee if she would have came to me from the beginning but she didnt; she told everyone else what he supposedly I became pregnant with Alex. At this point there is mutual rejection in our relationship. I dont think things will ever be the same because I feel that something that important she be told face to face, not through text messaging.